Arjama Roy, Amity University Kolkata.
Periodontitis is generally termed as gum disease. It is a chronic inflammatory disease that damages gums and might destroy the jawbone. This can result in extensive tooth loss in severe cases and can impact the systemic well-being of the person. Earlier, it had been known that the activation of pro-inflammatory mediators through a canonical pathway is chargeable for the exaggerated synthesis of cytokines (IL-1β and TNF-α) which causes chronic inflammatory disorders, including periodontitis.
Recently, scientists from Forsyth University have discovered a special molecule type which stimulates stem cells to regenerate, reversing the inflammation caused by periodontal disease. For the experiment, scientists removed the wisdom teeth from three healthy patients with none periodontitis, dental calculus, or caries. The stem cells were extracted from the wisdom teeth and a man-made environment of inflammatory periodontal disease was created in a petri dish. Specialised pro-resolving lipid mediators- Resolvin E1(RvE1), which is derived from eicosapentaenoic acid and Maresin-1(MaR1), which is derived from docosahexaenoic acid was added in the petri dish. It was found that RvE1 and Ma1 stimulate regeneration of stem cells even under the inflammatory conditions.
This discovery is marked important because the specific protein pathways involved in inflammation is identified. By knowing the mechanism of these molecules stimulation in differentiating stem cells in different tissues and reverse inflammation, one day it is possible to be used in building complex organs.
Also read: Here’s how COVID-19 vaccine BNT162b1 produces human antibody and helper T-cell responses
Source: Forsyth Institute. “Researchers demonstrate how changing the stem cell response to inflammation may reverse periodontal disease.”, ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 2 October 2020. https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/10/201002114001.htm
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