PRAGYA SANTRA, AMITY UNIVERSITY KOLKATA
Female deaths caused due to breast cancer (BC) is becoming one of the major parameters for increasing female mortality rate. There are many factors leading to increasing in the BC and tumours. Meta-analysis studies have focused in inverse relationships between vitamin D status and BC occurrence. Minimal level of vitamin D increased the risk of death in BC patients. Vitamin D is a steroid hormone with metabolically active substance is 1,25(OH)2D3, which plays a major role in metabolizing Calcium and Phosphorus. One of the major findings of 1,25(OH)2D3 is its efficiency to inhibit the proliferation of BC cells promoting their differentiation and apoptosis. Vitamin D promotes the transcription of more than 60 genes responsible for antiproliferative, pro-differentiating, antimetastatic, and proapoptotic effects on cells.
Clinical studies direct for the intake of calcium and vitamin D externally for the premenopausal and postmenopausal women for having a low amount of vitamin D. But it may be ineffective too because vitamin D functions by acting as a ligand to the Vitamin-D-Receptor (VDR), which vary individuals to individuals. VDR gene lies in the long arm of chromosome12 (12q12-14) with nearly 200 SNPs. VDR genes operated by vitamin D plays important roles in regulating calcium transports in mammary glands during lactation, hormone differentiation and milk production. VDR is a nuclear receptor regulating gene expression in breasts epithelial cells. This suggests that Vitamin D can directly affect the sensitivity of glands. 1,25(OH)2D3 maintains the differentiation and proliferation of breasts cells. High quintile of 1,25(OH)2D3 reduces BC and vice-versa. Under-level concentrations or knocking out 1,25(OH)2D3 gene is the major risk factor for BC out of vitamin D association.
The above study suggests that serum vitamin level in association to VDR expressions must be adjusted to control the increase of BC. VDR level is more suitable over vitamin D prognosis because vitamin D level can fluctuate in the body due to varying food habits and intakes but VDR expression remains constant. The role of vitamin D and VDR is an association to breasts cancer and their treatments and diagnosis are yet to be explored further for a better future and to decrease the female mortality rate.
Also read: MANN-NEW DETECTION TECHNIQUE OF LUNG CANCER
SOURCES
- Prognostic role of vitamin D receptor in breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis; Haiyan Xu et al; 01 November 2020; BMC Cancer; Volume-20; Pg-1051; doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-020-07559-w
- Vitamin D and Breast Cancer: Latest Evidence and Future Steps; Manar Atoum and Foad Alzoughool; 2017 Dec 20; SAGE Journals; Volume-11; doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1177%2F1178223417749816
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