Devyani Goswami, Amity University Kolkata
DNAzymes area type of DNA catalysts. DNAzymes are known for their specialty in catalyzing site-specific cleavage of any RNA substrate. RNA-cleaving DNA enzyme has a catalytic core and two short binding arms which form Watson and Crick base pairs with the RNA targets. RNA cleavage is possible with the assistance of Mg2+, Ca2+, Mn2+, Pb2+, or Zn2+as well as chemically modified DNA enzymes that can cleave RNAs in the absence of divalent metal ions.
DNA enzymes 10-23 are till now considered the modest content for any therapeutic procedure, for down-regulation of therapeutically relevant RNA targets. But the usage of DNAzymes has been halted due to their low efficiency in the clinical trials. To cope up with this problem, a xeno-nucleic acid-modified version of the 10-23 DNAzymes named X10-23, has been found that promises to resist nuclear digestion as well as achieve multiple turnover activity under cellular conditions.
X10-23, the new reagent claims to remove the issue of product inhibition by molecular chemo-types with DNA, 2′-fluoroarabino nucleic acid and α-L-threofuranosyl nucleic acid backbone structures that acknowledge balancing all the effects of biological stability with RNA hybridization along with divalent metal ion coordination. It was found that X10-23 facilitates gene silencing by degrading exogenous and endogenous mRNA transcripts efficiently in cultured mammalian cells.
This technique claims to improve the stability and activity of DNAzymes. Although this technique still awaits clinical trial.
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REFERENCE: 1)A biologically stable DNAzyme that efficiently silences gene expression in cells https://www.nature.com/articles/s41557-021-00645-x
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