Soumya Shraddhya Paul, Amity University, Noida
The oncolytic viruses (OV), a novel cancer therapy method, can replicate preferentially within tumour cells and cause immunogenic cell death. Direct tumour oncolysis (apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy) was once thought to be the most important mechanism. The development of systemic antitumor immunity, which was aided by the direct lysis and release of tumour-associated antigens, appeared to be a key component of the immune response. Surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and other cancer therapies are now available. Traditional monotherapies, on the other hand, have faced resistance and medication cessation owing to toxicity. Combination treatments have been shown to increase effectiveness and cancer care in a variety of ways.
In the era of immunotherapy, combining OVs with other antitumor therapies is acknowledged as a novel effort. Even though numerous meta-analyses have proven the efficiency and safety of oncolytic viruses, there is no comprehensive network meta-analysis revealing individual ranking and optimum combinations of the current OVs. However, a study conducted by Ruiyang Xie along with other researchers has provided an OV therapy network meta-analysis to offer physicians information on the best treatment options for their patients.
Brief about the study:
A study conducted by Ruiyang Xie with other researchers (Xie et al.) published in BMC virology journal showed the meta-analysis. A total of 5948 studies were evaluated, including 13 randomised controlled trials involving 1939 patients, 1106 of whom got OV treatments, comparing four OVs (NTX-010, pexastimogene devacirepvec (Pexa-Vec), talimogene laherparepvec (T-VEC), and pelareorep). At least one of the following clinical outcome measures: objective response rate (ORR) and grade 3 adverse events were recorded in qualifying trials.
Results of the study:
Through this study, it was seen that talimogene laherparepvec T-VEC and T-VEC plus systemic therapy had greater objective response rates (ORRs) than systemic therapies alone, but Pexa-Vec 1*109 pfu plus systemic treatment and pelareorep plus systemic treatment were shown to be similar. The therapies were ranked from worst to best in terms of grade 3 adverse events.
The future of metastatic cancer research:
T-VEC and T-VEC with systemic treatment appear to provide the best ORR therapy for patients with advanced or metastatic cancer when compared to other oncolytic viral treatments in terms of monotherapy and combination but should be used with caution due to grade 3 side effects.
Combining OVs with chemotherapy or target drugs, on the other hand, has not been shown to increase effectiveness when compared to chemotherapy or target therapies alone. Instead of chemotherapy or target drugs, combining OV treatments with immune-checkpoint inhibitors resulted in improved ORRs with less severe side effects. This research will help to guide treatment decisions and improve future trial designs for advanced or metastatic cancer research.
Also read: Nanoparticles to treat a common type of cancer- neuroblastoma
References:
- Xie, R., Bi, X., Shang, B., Zhou, A., Shi, H., & Shou, J. (2021). Efficacy and safety of oncolytic viruses in advanced or metastatic cancer: A network meta-analysis. Virology Journal, 18(1), 158. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12985-021-01630-z
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Author info:
Soumya Shraddhya Paul is an undergrad biotechnology student who worked in building 3D prosthetics in Base Hospital Delhi Cantt and holds a key interest in nutraceuticals and enzymology.
Publication:
- https://bioxone.in/news/worldnews/understanding-b-cell-genomics-to-fight-against-covid-19/
- https://bioxone.in/news/worldnews/the-current-ebola-epidemic-comes-to-an-end/
- https://bioxone.in/news/worldnews/crispr-act-3-0-a-revolution-in-plant-gene-technology/
Social Media Info: www.linkedin.com/in/soumya-shraddhya-paul-858229203
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