Binayak Das, Team BioXone
The amount of nitrogen in the soil that is available for a plant, largely decides how healthy the growth of that plant will be. This parameter becomes quite relevant when the plants we’re talking about are agriculturally valuable. Excessive presence of nitrogen from over-application of nitrogen fertilizers has turned out to be a major cause of environmental pollution, thereby hampering sustainable development. Similarly, nitrogen deficiency also hampers the nourishment and growth of the crops. Thus, it became necessary to develop ways by which the healthy growth of the crops could be ensured amongst the existence of such adversities.
The authors of this article conducted multiple experiments including a transcriptomic study, on wheat, which was grown hydroponically. They studied the physiological, metabolic and morphological changes that occurred to the wheat under nitrogen-deficient conditions, and found that the lack of nitrogen in the nutrient solution provided, had an impact. The result was a change in the phenotype of the crops. The major changes observed were- decrease in height, root health, photosynthesis rate and weight. At the same time, the deficiency also led to an increase in the root length, surface area, and root/shoot ratio.
From the data obtained from their comprehensive analysis, they were able to successfully identify the presence of 48 candidate genes. These genes occurred in various processes which enhanced photosynthesis and nitrogen metabolism under nitrogen-deficient conditions. They proposed that these genes could serve as relevant markers, which could be considered for genetic breeding of wheat crops.
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Source: Liu, X., Yin, C., Xiang, L. et al. Transcription strategies related to photosynthesis and nitrogen metabolism of wheat in response to nitrogen deficiency. BMC Plant Biol 20, 448 (2020). https://bmcplantbiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12870-020-02662-3
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