Shrestha Dutta, Amity University Kolkata
COVID-19 brought about by severe acute respiratory syndrome Covid 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a worldwide pandemic that has brought about more than 100 million infections and over 2 million death. Researches demonstrate that residual radiologic abnormalities caused due to SARS and MERS (middle east respiratory syndrome) lead to damage of the pulmonary functions which lasts for a few months or years. In contrast with SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV, COVID-19 is a profoundly infectious disease with less severity. With a large number of affirmed cases worldwide, understanding the recuperation dynamics in the COVID-19 released patients will be instrumental in identifying the patient prognosis.
How was the study conducted?
A potential cohort study of patients suffering from COVID-19 was done. Chest CT scan results were evaluated during hospitalization and at 2 weeks, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and a year post-discharge from hospital. A standardized technique was applied to all radiographic assessments with similar CT equipment. Two radiologists with more than 5-year experience assessed the CT scan images as demonstrated earlier. Each lung was separated into three zones:
- superior (above carina)
- middle (beneath carina to the inferior pulmonary vein)
- inferior (below to inferior pulmonary vein)
Risk factors associated with residual CT opacities and the impact of residual CT abnormalities on pulmonary capacities at 1 year were assessed.
The outcome of the study:
Total of 41 patients was assessed in this examination. Continuous recovery after release from the hospital was affirmed by the sequential CT scores. Around 47% of the patients showed remaining distortion on pulmonary CT scan with a median CT score of 0 (interquartile range (IQR) of 0–2) at 1 year after release. The ground-glass opacity (GGO) with a reticular arrangement as the major radiologic design was also observed.
Patients with residual radiological anomalies were older (p = 0.01) with:
- higher rate in smokers (p = 0.04)
- higher in hypertensives (p = 0.05)
- lower SaO2 (p = 0.004)
- higher pervasiveness of auxiliary bacterial diseases during acute stage (p = 0.02).
The reduced residual volume (p < 0.001) and pulmonary functions of total lung capacity (p = 0.008) in patients with residual CT anomalies and were adversely corresponded with CT scores.
Significance of the study:
Coronavirus survivors showed gradual enhancement for lung CT scans during 1-year recuperation. Residual sores may be seen in pneumonic radiography and corresponded with lung volume parameters. Old patients are at high risk of creating residual CT irregularities. Investigation offers a thorough comprehension of the longitudinal lung changes in COVID-19 patients during the acute and convalescent periods, which could help in giving the theoretical basis to recovery.
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Reference:
- Chen, Y., Ding, C., Yu, L., Guo, W., Feng, X., Yu, L., Su, J., Xu, T., Ren, C., Shi, D., Wu, W., Yi, P., Liu, J., Tao, J., Lang, G., Li, Y., Xu, M., Sheng, J., Li, L., & Xu, K. (2021). One-year follow-up of chest CT findings in patients after SARS-CoV-2 infection. BMC Medicine, 19(1), 191. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-021-02056-8
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Author info:
Shrestha Dutta is a 4th-year Biotechnology Engineering Student with a great interest in Genetics, Recombinant DNA Technology, and Immunology. She is a creative scientific writer in Bioxone with an inclination towards gaining knowledge regarding various sections of Biotechnology and engaging herself in various wet lab skills. She also has a review paper publication in the journal IJSER.
Reference links:
Publications at Bioxone:
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