Soumya Shraddhya Paul, Amity University, Noida
The placenta is a complicated organ that plays an important part in the health of a pregnant woman. It is a dynamic organ that varies dramatically in size and development as the pregnancy progresses. The conceptus develops in a low-oxygen environment in the first trimester, which supports embryonic organogenesis and placental cell proliferation, and angiogenesis; later in pregnancy, higher oxygen concentrations are necessary to sustain the baby’s fast development. This oxygen transition, which appears to be unique to the human placenta, takes several rounds of protein signature modifications to fine-tune. A study conducted by Sara Khorami Sarvestani along with other researchers (Sarvestani et al.) focused on the comparison placental proteome of normal first-trimester (FT) and term human placentas (TP).
The recent study:
Four normal human FT complete placentas and four TP were used in this investigation. All procedures were conducted out in compliance with the Avicenna Research Institute’s (ARI) ethics committee (ethical permission number: 1397.007) and the 2013 updated version of the Helsinki Declaration. Consents were taken from all the participants before the study. Two-dimensional liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to identify differentially expressed proteins in normal human first-trimester and term placental samples.
Important findings of the study:
Despite the similarity in overall expression, 120 proteins were expressed differentially in first and term placentas. When compared to full-term placentas, 72 of these were up-regulated and 48 were down-regulated in the first. Twenty proteins out of 120 were sequenced, with seven showing increased (ECHM, PDIA3, GRP78, ECH1, ENOA, PRDX4, ERP29,) and eleven showings decreased (K1C9, K2C1, TRFE, HBG1, ALBU, ACTG, PRDX2, CSH2, FABP5, FABP4, K2C8) expression in first-trimester placentas vs. full-term placentas, and two proteins that are only expressed in first-trimester placentas (MYDGF, MESD).
Significance of the study:
The majority of these proteins were involved in chemical stimulation and stress response, biological quality regulation, programmed cell death, hemostatic and catabolic processes, protein folding, cellular oxidant detoxification, coagulation, and retina homeostasis, according to the Reactome and PANTHER software. Researchers would get a better knowledge of the key biological processes of placentogenesis and identify proteins involved in placental function control during development by elucidating changes in protein signature during placental development.
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References:
- Khorami Sarvestani, S., Shojaeian, S., Vanaki, N., Ghresi-Fard, B., Amini, M., Gilany, K., Soltanghoraee, H., Arefi, S., Jeddi-Tehrani, M., & Zarnani, A.-H. (2021). Proteome profiling of human placenta reveals developmental stage-dependent alterations in protein signature. Clinical Proteomics, 18(1), 18. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12014-021-09324-y
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Author info:
Soumya Shraddhya Paul is an undergrad biotechnology student who worked in building 3D prosthetics in Base Hospital Delhi Cantt, and holds a key interest in nutraceuticals and enzymology.
Publications:
- https://bioxone.in/news/worldnews/understanding-b-cell-genomics-to-fight-against-covid-19/
- https://bioxone.in/news/worldnews/the-current-ebola-epidemic-comes-to-an-end/
- https://bioxone.in/news/worldnews/an-improved-highly-resistant-tuberculosis-treatment-strategy/
- https://bioxone.in/news/worldnews/exosomes-role-in-lung-cancer-metastasis/
- https://bioxone.in/news/worldnews/depressive-disorders-and-pharmacotherapy-new-info-revealed/
Social Media Info: www.linkedin.com/in/soumya-shraddhya-paul-858229203
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