Shrestha Dutta, Amity University Kolkata
Few individuals have a large number of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria on their skin and mucous membrane of their upper respiratory tract, without them knowing. At times, these harmless micro-organisms can transform into deadly pathogens, which can edge to skin infections and lung diseases, or even worse, cause sepsis. Researchers have studied that the molecular defence mechanisms of the human immune system combat against the S. aureus contamination and during their study, made an astounding discovery. Studies uncover that the toxic cocktail using which this bacteria harms cells and tissues additionally has positive outcomes. Specific immune cells are turned on by the bacterial toxin to generate specialized messenger substances that help lessen irritation and promote healing of tissues.
The researchers have studied the specific bacterial toxin – “Hemolysin”, and its impact on M2 macrophages. M2 macrophages are immune cells which, in the later phases of an inflammatory response, assure that microbes that have been killed, and broken cell parts, are taken out and that the tissue rejuvenates. Hence they are the cell waste-disposal unit.
The researchers showed that hemolysin binds to explicit receptor proteins on the surface of M2 macrophages and triggers the production of anti-inflammatory messenger molecules in the cells. These at that point, cause the inflammation to resolve. In this investigation, the researchers additionally showed that these transmitters promote tissue recovery in a model organism. The anti-inflammatory messenger substances contained resolvins, maresins and protectins that are framed from omega-3 unsaturated fats.
Also read: Can breastfeeding result in the transmission of Covid-19 in newborns?
Source:-
Paul M. Jordan, Jana Gerstmeier, Simona Pace, Rossella Bilancia, Zhigang Rao, Friedemann Börner, Laura Miek, Óscar Gutiérrez-Gutiérrez, Vandana Arakandy, Antonietta Rossi, Armando Ialenti, Cristina González-Estévez, Bettina Löffler, Lorena Tuchscherr, Charles N. Serhan, Oliver Werz. Staphylococcus aureus-Derived α-Hemolysin Evokes Generation of Specialized Pro-resolving Mediators Promoting Inflammation Resolution. Cell Reports, 2020; 33 (2): 108247 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108247
Ex-situ DNA synthesis accelerated
Jayateerth S Bhavikatti, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune. We have recently come across that the Nobel Prize for Chemistry 2020 is awarded to Emmanuelle Charpentier and Jennifer A. Doudna for developing CRISPR/Cas9 genetic scissors. This process requires guide RNA for cutting DNA at specific locations in the genome. Many techniques in molecular biology require template nucleotide […]