-Sayak Biswas, Amity University Kolkata
Cells are made up of a specifically hostile environment. This hostile environment contains numerous immune sensors that help to detect infections caused by viruses. Production of interferons (IFN) takes place and the intracellular DNA plays a massive role in the inducing of the IFN.
The cytosolic DNA gets recognized by the cyclic GMP-AMP (cGMP) synthase (cGAS). This helps to activate the innate immune responses which are done by the stimulation of the interferon genes (STING). It has been found out that the activation of cGAS/STING is important to be able to resist the lethal virus infection. Viral Schalafen (vSlfn) has been found out to be the main inhibitor of STING. The experiment was conducted on the ectromelia virus and the results showed that the virus got attenuated in the absence of vSlfn. This absence of vSlfn also protected the animals from different types of viral respiratory infections.
Citation:
Hernáez B., Alonso G., Georgana I., et al.; Viral cGAMP nuclease reveals the essential role of DNA sensing in protection against acute lethal virus infection; 2020; Science Advances; DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abb4565
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