Agrima Bhatt, Rajasthan University
Many cancer patients are responsive to chemotherapy at the initial stages of treatment. Although, during treatment, they may develop resistance which makes cancer difficult to diagnose. This is of huge clinical concern in such sensitive treatments as it can later convert into huge barricades in patient’s lives. In clinical cancer treatment, chemotherapy is a critical part of the process. But frequent use of chemotherapy often leads to multidrug resistance (MDR) in multiple tumor cells. This leads to a decrease in the efficacy of medications provided to the patient. This stands as a huge barrier in the antineoplastic treatment and to solve this issue, physicians and researchers are interested in exploring the underlying mechanisms responsible for such resistance in the patients by repeating the same in a generation of cell lines.
Recently, Japanese scientists experimented with the development of drug-resistant and chemo-resistant cell lines. The goal was to explore them as an experimental model in oncology. Cell response to drugs or chemicals, whether “natural” or “acquired,” is critical to the treatment of infectious disorders with antibiotics and the treatment of cancer cells with chemotherapeutic drugs. It could be hypothesized that such drug resistance can also be acquired by carefully selecting cells and through experimental manipulation reduce drug permeability and hence promote drug-resistant cell lines.
Applications of Cell Lines:
Non-medical or experimental cancer treatments are non-medical therapies that aim to improve, enhance, or replace conventional cancer treatments such as surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, etc. For undertaking scientific research, cell lines remain the most cost-effective and ethically viable resource. This is also the reason why most scientists nowadays prefer to use cell lines for experiments as they remain viable and are readily available.
Through such experimental set-ups of cell line development, researchers have been studying the neoplastic cell mechanisms, their biology, and the modifications of tumor cells. Such experiments can be used to identify the compounds which possess the capacity to inhibit tumor formation.
In recent years, patients suffering from cancer have been increasing. There has been a development in new methods to study the biology behind these cells. Such studies are important not only to enhance future treatments but also to develop faster methods for cancer treatment.
Experimental Oncology:
Scientists from Fukui University in collaboration with USA researchers were able to develop drug-resistant cell lines through the use of traditional scientific methods. These cell lines showed 30-times resistance to a novel drug PDX also known as Pralatrexate which is used to cure patients with T-cell lymphoma. Both cell lines resulted in a significant decrease in cell death due to the drug PDX. Their findings suggested that lower expression of RFC1 (reduced folate carrier) causes defective PDX internalization, which could be one of the reasons for PDX resistance in CEM/P cells.
These results prove that the combined effect of DAC and PDX resulted in a synergistic effect in the two cell lines. These data can now extensively be used to support more clinical trials employing PDX in combination with other traditional treatments for patients with refractory/relapsed PTCL.
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Reference:
- Oiwa, K., Hosono, N., Nishi, R., Scotto, L., O’Connor, O. A., & Yamauchi, T. (2021). Characterization of newly established Pralatrexate-resistant cell lines and the mechanisms of resistance. BMC Cancer, 21(1), 879. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-021-08607-9
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Author info:
Agrima Bhatt is an undergraduate student studying BSc. Biotechnology in Jaipur, Rajasthan. She is a science and research enthusiast who also loves to write articles and short snippets.
Some of her published articles at BioXone are:
- https://bioxone.in/news/worldnews/molecular-mechanisms-underlying-virescent-mutation-in-cotton/
- https://bioxone.in/news/worldnews/multi-angle-projection-microscope-a-novel-imaging-technique/
- https://bioxone.in/news/worldnews/scientists-develop-novel-cholera-vaccine-from-rice-grains/
- https://bioxone.in/news/worldnews/ai-predicts-the-relation-between-viruses-and-mammals/
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