Jayateerth S. Bhavikatti, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India.
Canine distemper virus (CDV), a highly contagious disease in animals, is responsible for the mortality of a variety of flesh-eating animals including Canidae, Procyonidae, Felidae, Mustelidae, etc. This infection leads to complications in gastrointestinal, respiratory, and neurological parts of their bodies. The infection has been witnessed in vaccinated dogs and some endangered animals like giant pandas and Ethiopian wolves. Therefore it is an interesting issue for the scientific community as well as the breeders.
CDV belongs to the family Paramyxoviridae; is an enveloped, non-segmented, single-stranded RNA virus. Hemagglutinin protein CDV-H and fusion protein CDV-F are important for the attachment of the virus to host cells and fusion with the host cell membrane, respectively. Early infection of CDV is not distinguishable from kennel cough. Currently, RT-PCR and real-time PCR are being used for diagnostics, but these are time-consuming despite accuracy and efficiency. This gap takes us to the demand for a rapid diagnostic technique thereby helping disease control.
Therefore, specific mAbs i.e. monoclonal antibodies (against CDV-F) were produced via hybridoma technology, by Yuan Zhang et al from China. The researchers purified the mAbs and coated on the wells of ELISA plates and incubated overnight before use. After the treatment of test samples on primary mAbs, the secondary HRP-mAbs were added for sandwiching. Spectrophotometry was used for quantitative analysis. In conclusion, this sandwich ELISA method is an economic and rapid test for diagnosing CDV infection and is helpful for disease control in animals.
[ELISA: Enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay; HRP: Horseradish peroxidase]
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Reference: Zhang, Y., Xu, G., Zhang, L. et al. Development of a double monoclonal antibody–based sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detecting canine distemper virus. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-020-10997-y
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