Nanomedicine Dependent Cancer Treatment

Thota Kanishka Rao, Amity University Kolkata

Cancer, one of the deadliest diseases, is characterized by abnormal cell growth with it’s potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body. Despite the therapeutic advances in treating cancer, it is still the major cause of death in developing countries. Chemotherapeutic resistance remains the main characteristic of cancer therapy.

Chemotherapeutic resistance is the fundamental purpose behind deterioration, metastasis, and decreased endurance rates among malignancy patients. Natural factors, for example, autophagy, DNA damage repair, genomic instability, and apoptosis inhibition, joined with extraneous factors, the cancerous microenvironment, are engaged with chemotherapeutic resistance. The nanotechnology field is rapidly developing as nanomaterials are utilized in various industrialized systems, nanomedicine, vaccines, imaging specialists, and end-user items. In recent times, nanomedicine holds the potential to improve anticancer therapy.

However, not just the public impression of the innovation is questionable but the regulators have not yet to concede to agree on rules that apply all around the world. The gastrointestinal tract microbiota and its genes (the microbiome) are viewed as a principal part of the human body.

The gut microbiota is a significant part of the host microbiota and contains roughly 3 × 10¹³ bacterial cells in a commensal relationship with the host. In any case, when the gastric environment is modified, different bacterial species (e.g., antibiotic-resistant Enterococcus and Clostridium difficile) can increment and create pathogenic phenotypes. Recent evidence recommends that the gut microbiota is engaged with carcinogenesis and can improve the activity, viability, and toxicity of anticancer treatments. As of late, there is quickly developing concern about the impact of nanoparticles on the human gut microbiota. Nanomaterials can enter the human body through skin contact, ingestion, and inward breath.

The adjustments in the gut microbiota or microbiome assume crucial functions in human disease, for example, cancer.  Subsequently, the prosperity of nanomaterials in cancer counteraction has prompted the possibility that nanomaterials can change cancer-causing microbiome/microbiota and their metabolites just as the cancer microenvironment. Hence, nanomaterials can be utilized as novel systems to treat cancer growth.

Also read: Vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy affecting brain development

Source:

Riaz Rajoka, M.S., Mehwish, H.M., Xiong, Y., Song, X., Hussain, N., Zhu, Q., He, Z., Gut microbiota targeted nanomedicine for cancer therapy: Challenges and future considerations, Trends in Food Science & Technology (2020),                                              DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2020.10.036.

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