Shrestha Dutta, Amity University Kolkata
COVID-19 has brought about severe acute respiratory syndrome Covid 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has developed into a worldwide pandemic, and no antiviral therapies have been supported to date. The angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) plays a key part in SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis as it permits viral passage into host cells. The study shows that ACE2 nano decoys obtained from human lung spheroid cells (LSCs) can attach and kill SARS-CoV-2 and shield the host lung cells from infection.
Nanodecoys produced using human lung spheroid cells (LSCs) can attach to and kill SARS-CoV-2, advancing viral clearance and decreasing lung injury in a macaque model of COVID-19. By imitating the receptor that the virus attaches to rather than focusing on the virus infection, nanodecoy treatment could endure compelling against arising variations of the infection. SARS-CoV-2 is known to enter a cell after attachment of the spike protein to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor present on the surface of the cell. LSCs, a characteristic combination of lung epithelial stem cells and mesenchymal cells, additionally express ACE2, making them an ideal vehicle for deceiving the infection. In mice, the nanodecoys were conveyed utilizing inhalation treatment and reside in the lungs for more than 72 hours post-delivery. Besides, inhalation of nanodecoys increases clearance of SARS-CoV-2 mimics from the lungs, with no toxicity noticed. In cynomolgus macaques tested with live SARS-CoV-2, four doses of nanodecoys conveyed by inhalation advanced viral clearance and diminished lung injury. The results of the study recommend that LSC-nanodecoys can deliver as a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of COVID-19.
Scientists changed over individual LSCs into nanovesicles, or small cell membrane bubbles with ACE2 receptors and other lung cell-explicit proteins on a superficial level. The scientists showed that the spike protein bound to the ACE2 receptors on the decoys in vitro, then it is utilized as a manufactured SARS-Co-V-2 copy infection for in vivo testing in a mouse model. The decoys were conveyed employing inhalation therapy. The researchers conducted a study in a macaque model and showed that inhalation treatment with nanodecoys increases viral clearance, diminishes inflammation, and fibrosis in the lungs. Though no toxicity was noted in either the mouse or macaque study, further examination will be important to decipher this treatment for human testing and decide precisely how the nanodecoys are cleared by the body.
These nanodecoys are cell ‘apparitions,’ and one LSC can produce around 11,000 of them. The scientists call attention to three different advantages of the LSC nanodecoys. In the first place, they can be conveyed non-intrusively to the lungs through inhalation treatment. Second, since the nanodecoys are acellular – there is not anything living inside – they can be effectively protected and stay stable longer, empowering off-the-shelf use. At last, LSCs are now being used in other clinical preliminaries, so there is an improved probability of having the option to utilize them soon.
Also read: Ion Identity Molecular Networking (IIMN)
Reference:
- Li, Z., Wang, Z., Dinh, PU.C. et al. Cell-mimicking nanodecoys neutralize SARS-CoV-2 and mitigate lung injury in a non-human primate model of COVID-19. Nat. Nanotechnol. (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-021-00923-2
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