Aishila Kar, Amity University Kolkata
Malaria is the deadliest vector-borne disease worldwide with an average of 228 million cases, and 405,000 deaths in 2018, mainly in the African Region (93%), and the South-East Asia Region (3.4%). In Laos, the malaria burden remains despite a significant reduction of cases during the last decade. In the condition of the disease elimination by 2030, a nationwide survey was conducted to understand the distribution, abundance and behaviour of crucial malaria vectors (Anopheles spp.) in the country.
Mosquito collections were applying in ten villages from ten territories during the rainy and dry seasons of 2014 and 2015 by using human landing catch (HLC) and cow bait collection (CBC) methods. After identification in the field, molecular identification of the sibling species of Anopheles mosquitoes from the Funestus, Leucosphyrus, and Maculatus groups was found by using PCR specific alleles. By quantitative PCR assays, a screening of Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax infections in the vectors was carried out.
25 different Anopheles species were collected and morphologically identified out of a total of 14,146 adult mosquitoes. Within the main primary vector groups including An. maculatus s.s, An. rampae , An. sawadwongporni , An. pseudowillmori , An. dravidicus , An. minimuss.s., An. aconitus , An. pampanai , An. harrisoni , An. diruss.s., An. baimaii, An. Nemophilous, molecular identification revealed the presence of 12 sibling species.
Between 10:00 PM and 5:00 AM indoors when people are sleeping overall, 22% of the total malaria vectors were collected. The results show that in Laos people living in rural areas are constantly exposed to malaria vectors all over the year and specifically outdoors. The use of LLINs remains important but innovative tools and new strategies are essential to address locally, the early and outdoor malaria transmission. Absence of expertise in general methods may further aggravate the situation.
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SOURCE-
doI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-35716/v3
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